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Head Start Research & Resources

Explore Head Start research, policy reports and resources from the Children’s Equity Project on program standards, disability inclusion, dual language learners, discipline, early learning and more.

Head Start Research and Policy Reports

The Children’s Equity Project (CEP) at Arizona State University conducts research and policy analysis on Head Start and Early Head Start, with a focus on the policies, standards and program conditions that support high-quality early learning and equitable opportunities for children and families.

CEP’s Head Start research examines the Head Start Program Performance Standards (HSPPS), children with disabilities, dual language learners, early childhood discipline, teacher-child ratios, developmental screening, rural communities, family access, child development and learning, state child care licensing policies, Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships and opportunities to strengthen Head Start for future generations.

Explore CEP’s Head Start reports, policy briefs and research resources below to learn how federal Head Start requirements compare with state policies, what research says about high-quality early childhood programs, and how Head Start supports children, families and communities across the United States.

For additional research on early childhood education, child care, education equity and child and family policy, explore the Children’s Equity Project’s full Reports & Resources library

 

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CEP report cover featuring a young child drawing with colored pencils. Text reads “Access & Inclusion for Children with Disabilities in Head Start: A Review of the Research and a Policy Comparison Between Head Start Standards and States,” September 2026, Children’s Equity Project (CEP).

Access and Inclusion for Children with Disabilities in Head Start

Explore research on disability inclusion in Head Start, including inclusive learning environments, developmental screenings, teacher-child ratios, individualized supports, family partnerships and differences between Head Start standards and state child care policies.

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Cover of Lowering the Bar: An Analysis of How Replacing Head Start Standards with State Child Care Licensing Weakens Early Learning Across the United States, an August 2026 Children’s Equity Project report.

Lowering the Bar: Head Start Standards and State Child Care Licensing

Explore how the Head Start Program Performance Standards compare with state child care licensing requirements and what changes to federal Head Start standards could mean for early learning quality across the United States.

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Cover of Head Start’s Footprint: A Focus on Rural Communities, Children with Disabilities, and Vital Health Services, a May 2025 Children’s Equity Project report featuring a young child in an early learning classroom.

Head Start’s Footprint: Rural Communities, Children with Disabilities and Vital Health Services

Learn about Head Start’s role in rural communities, its services for children with disabilities and the health, developmental and family supports provided through Head Start programs.

Explore the Research

 

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Cover of Building a Universal Preschool System Around Head Start: Guiding an Equitable Pandemic Recovery, an August 2021 report from the Children’s Equity Project and The Century Foundation featuring young children and a parent.

Building a Universal Preschool System Around Head Start

Explore research and policy recommendations examining how Head Start could serve as an anchor for an equitable, mixed-delivery universal preschool system.

Read the Policy Brief

 

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Cover of Advancing Equity through Head Start’s Program Information Report, an April 2022 Children’s Equity Project report featuring two young children playing with modeling clay in an early learning classroom.

Advancing Equity Through Head Start’s Program Information Report

Learn how Head Start’s Program Information Report, or PIR, could be strengthened to better measure equity and the experiences of children and families participating in Head Start.

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Harsh Punishment and Exclusionary Discipline in the Early Years

Explore data, research and policies related to preschool suspension, expulsion, corporal punishment, restraint and seclusion, including comparisons between Head Start requirements and state early childhood policies.

Explore the Report

 

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Preserving Access and Opportunity in Head Start for Dual Language Learners

Explore research, federal requirements and Head Start policies affecting young dual language learners and multilingual children.

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Cover of Head Start’s Footprint: Children’s Learning and Education, a September 2025 Children’s Equity Project report featuring three young children smiling together in an early learning classroom.

Head Start’s Footprint: Children’s Learning and Education

Explore research on Head Start’s impact on children’s learning and educational experiences, as well as barriers that can affect access for families experiencing homelessness, children with disabilities and children involved in the child welfare system.

Explore the Research

 

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Cover of The Next Generation of Head Start: Expanding Access, Improving Quality, Advancing Equity, featuring young children in early learning settings and logos for the Children’s Equity Project, Equity Research Action Coalition, and CEEED.

The Next Generation of Head Start

Explore policy recommendations for strengthening the Head Start Act, expanding access, improving quality and advancing equity for future generations of children and families.

Read the Brief

 

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Covers from the Early Head Start–Child Care Partnership Series, including policy recommendations, a state roadmap, and a spotlight on EHS-CCP grantees during the pandemic, produced by the Children’s Equity Project, Bipartisan Policy Center, and Start Early.

Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships

Explore research and policy briefs on Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships, including strategies for expanding child care supply, improving program quality and supporting stronger state early childhood systems.

Explore the Series

Head Start Program Performance Standards

CEP research examines the Head Start Program Performance Standards and how federal requirements related to quality, staffing, disability inclusion, discipline, developmental screening and other program conditions compare with state child care policies.

Children With Disabilities in Head Start

CEP research explores Head Start’s longstanding commitment to serving children with disabilities, including inclusive education, developmental screening, individualized supports, staffing and family partnerships.

Dual Language Learners in Head Start

CEP examines research and policies affecting dual language learners in Head Start, including language development, multilingual education and federal requirements designed to support children who are learning more than one language.

Head Start Suspension and Expulsion

CEP research examines preschool suspension, expulsion and other forms of exclusionary discipline, including differences between Head Start protections and state early childhood policies.

Head Start Quality and Early Learning

CEP analyzes the policies and program conditions associated with high-quality Head Start services, including teacher-child ratios, staff qualifications, learning environments, developmental supports and family engagement.

Early Head Start and Child Care

CEP research also examines Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships and the role these partnerships can play in expanding infant and toddler child care supply while supporting quality and equity.

Explore More Children’s Equity Research

The Children’s Equity Project produces research and policy resources across early childhood education, child care, children with disabilities, education equity, child and family policy, exclusionary discipline, dual language learners and other issues affecting children and families.

Explore All CEP Reports & Resources

 

News Mentions:

The Washington Post | ABC News | Fox 40 | The 74 | The Seattle Times| K-12 Dive| The New York Times | The 74

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Head Start Research

Head Start is a federally funded early childhood program that provides comprehensive early learning, health, nutrition, family support and related services to eligible young children and families. Early Head Start serves infants, toddlers and pregnant families, while Head Start primarily serves preschool-age children.

The Head Start Program Performance Standards (HSPPS) are federal regulations that establish requirements for Head Start and Early Head Start programs. They address areas including education, health, nutrition, disability services, family engagement, staffing, teacher-child ratios, developmental screening, program management and other conditions related to program quality.

Head Start has been studied extensively across early childhood education, child development, health, family engagement and long-term outcomes. CEP’s Head Start research examines this evidence alongside federal and state policies to better understand the conditions that support high-quality services for children and families.

Head Start programs must follow federal requirements established through the Head Start Act and Head Start Program Performance Standards. State child care programs are generally governed by state licensing rules, which can differ substantially across states. CEP research compares these policies across areas such as teacher-child ratios, disability inclusion, discipline, developmental screening and program quality.

Head Start has longstanding requirements related to serving children with disabilities and supporting inclusive learning environments. CEP research examines disability inclusion in Head Start, including access to inclusive classrooms, individualized supports, developmental screening, appropriate staffing and family partnerships.

Yes. Head Start serves many children who are dual language learners. CEP research examines the science of early multilingual development as well as federal legislative and regulatory requirements designed to support dual language learners and their families in Head Start.

Head Start has strong federal restrictions on suspension and expulsion. CEP research examines these protections alongside state child care licensing rules and other state policies related to exclusionary discipline, corporal punishment, restraint and seclusion.

Early Head Start provides comprehensive early childhood and family services primarily for infants and toddlers and their families. CEP research also examines Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships, which combine Early Head Start resources and quality standards with community-based child care programs.

Early Head Start–Child Care Partnerships, often called EHS-CCPs, bring together Early Head Start programs and child care providers to expand access to high-quality infant and toddler care. CEP has published research examining how states and communities can use these partnerships to expand child care supply, improve quality and advance equity.

The Children’s Equity Project at Arizona State University publishes research reports, policy briefs and analyses covering Head Start standards, disability inclusion, dual language learners, exclusionary discipline, program quality, Early Head Start, rural communities, child development and other Head Start policy issues. Browse the Head Start resources on this page or visit CEP’s complete Reports & Resources library for additional early childhood and education research.

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